Thyroid removal, also known as thyroidectomy, is a surgical procedure to remove all or part of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck and is responsible for the production of hormones that regulate metabolism.
Thyroid removal may be recommended for people who have:
- Thyroid cancer
- Benign thyroid tumors (nodules)
- Hyperthyroidism (excessive thyroid gland activity)
- Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland)
- Enlarged thyroid gland (goiter)
There are three main types of thyroid removal:
- Complete thyroidectomy: Removal of the entire thyroid gland.
- Subtotal thyroidectomy: Removal of most of the thyroid gland, but leaving a small part.
- Hemithyroidectomy: Removal of one half of the thyroid gland.
Removal of the thyroid gland is usually performed under general anesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision on the front of the neck. The thyroid gland is then identified and separated from the surrounding tissues. Depending on the type of thyroidectomy that is performed, all or part of the thyroid gland is removed. The surgeon may also remove nearby lymph nodes to check for cancer cells.
Recovery after removal of the thyroid gland usually takes several days. Most patients can return home the day after surgery. After surgery, it is necessary to wear a neck collar to protect the neck. Most patients are also prescribed medications to regulate thyroid function.
The results of thyroid removal can be long-term. Patients whose thyroid gland has been completely removed will have to take thyroid medications for the rest of their lives. Patients who have only had part of their thyroid gland removed may eventually regain thyroid function.
As with any surgical procedure, removal of the thyroid gland carries certain risks and complications, such as:
- Infection
- The bleeding
- Nerve damage
- Damage to the parathyroid glands (glands located next to the thyroid gland that regulate calcium levels)
- Hypoparathyroidism (low blood calcium levels)
- Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland)
Removal of the thyroid gland can be an effective treatment for various thyroid diseases. However, it is important to discuss with your doctor the potential risks and complications, as well as realistic expectations of the procedure before deciding whether to carry it out.
