An ophthalmological examination is performed to assess the health of the eyes and vision. It includes various methods for examining eye structures, assessing visual acuity, and detecting eye diseases.

1. Patient survey:

  •  Questions about symptoms, their duration and severity
  •  Medical history and family history
  •  Information about medications, allergies, and other potential risk factors

2. Visual acuity:

  •  Checking visual acuity using a vision test table or an automatic refractometer

3. Biomicroscopy:

  •  Using a slit lamp for a detailed examination of the anterior part of the eye, including the cornea, iris, pupil and lens

4. Ophthalmoscopy:

  •  Examination of the posterior part of the eye, including the retina, macula, optic nerve and blood vessels
  •  Direct ophthalmoscopy: Indirect ophthalmoscopy: The use of a lens to expand the field of vision of the posterior eye

5. Measurement of intraocular pressure:

  •  Assessment of intraocular pressure using a tonometer
  •  It is important for the diagnosis of glaucoma and other diseases associated with increased intraocular pressure.

6. Visual field assessment:

  •  Checking peripheral vision using a perimeter
  •  It allows you to identify defects in the visual field associated with diseases such as glaucoma and retinal detachment.

7. Diagnostic procedures:

  •  Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Noninvasive scanning to obtain transverse images of the retina and other eye structures
  •  Ultrasound examination of the eye (ultrasound): The use of sound waves to visualize the internal structures of the eye
  •  Fluorescent angiography: The introduction of fluorescent dye into the bloodstream to assess blood circulation in the retina and other vascular structures of the eye

8. Differential diagnosis:

  •  Comparison of symptoms and signs of a disease with similar conditions
  •  Consideration of possible causes and risk factors
  •  Exclusion of other diseases with similar manifestations

Ophthalmological examination is crucial for the detection and treatment of eye diseases at an early stage. Regular checkups with an ophthalmologist are recommended for all people, especially for those who have an increased risk of developing eye diseases, or experience any changes in vision or eye discomfort.