Embryo transfer is the process of transferring fertilized human embryos into a woman's uterus as part of an IVF (in vitro fertilization) procedure.

Procedure:

  •  Embryo production: Eggs and sperm are extracted and fertilized in the laboratory.
  •  Embryo cultivation: Embryos are grown in an incubator on a nutrient medium for several days.
  •  Embryo Selection: Embryologists evaluate and select the embryos with the greatest implantation potential.
  •  Preparation of the uterus: The uterus prepares for embryo reception with the help of hormone therapy, which creates a favorable environment for implantation.
  •  Embryo transfer: Ultrasound is used to visualize the uterine cavity. The selected embryos are placed in a catheter and transferred to the uterus through the cervix.

The number of embryos transferred at a time depends on a number of factors, including a woman's age, IVF history, and embryo quality. Usually one or two embryos are transferred, but in some cases up to three or four embryos can be transferred.

After implanting, the embryos attach to the uterine mucosa and begin to implant. Implantation usually occurs within 5-10 days after implantation.

If one or more embryos are successfully implanted, it can lead to pregnancy. Signs of pregnancy may appear 1-2 weeks after the transplant.

The success rate of embryo transfer depends on many factors, including the age of the woman, the quality of the embryos, and the experience of the IVF clinic. In general, the chances of a successful pregnancy after one IVF cycle are about 30-40%.

Embryo transfer is considered a relatively safe procedure, however, as with any medical procedure, there are certain risks associated with it:

  •  Multiple pregnancy: The transfer of multiple embryos increases the risk of multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, etc.).
  • Ectopic pregnancy: A rare but serious risk in which an embryo is implanted outside the uterus.
  •  Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: Hormone therapy to prepare the uterus can lead to excessive enlargement of the ovaries.
  •  Risk to the embryos: Transferred embryos may be damaged during the procedure.